Part 2: proposed buckling factor for columns in braced and unbraced frames with composite girders

The influence of composite girders on the modified buckling factor for columns was investigated in both braced and unbraced frames. girders' end conditions were represented as rigid hinged . Furthermore, based proposed stiffness parameter, derived formulation follows same assumptions standard effective length (K-factor). Moreover, suggested equations frames obtained using slope-deflection method. Concerning frame, restrained by girder improves calculation makes a more accurate cost-effective design than steel girder. Eventually, with is only slightly better girder, but it still conventional solution